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51.
52.
机载激光雷达平均树高提取研究 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13
为了研究机载激光雷达(LiDAR)树高提取技术,以山东省泰安市徂徕山林场为实验区,于2005年5月进行了机载LiDAR数据获取和外业测量.通过对LiDAR点云数据的分类处理,分别得到了试验区的地面点云子集、植被点云子集和高程归一化的植被点云子集.基于高程归一化的植被点云子集计算了上四分位数处的高度,与实地测量的数据进行了比较,并结合中国森林调查规程进行了实用性分析.结果表明:对于较低密度的点云数据,使用分位数法可以较好地进行林分平均高的估计;机载激光雷达技术对树高估计是可行的,精度都高于87%,总体平均精度为90.59%,其中阔叶树的精度高于针叶树.该试验精度可以满足中国二类森林调查规程中平均树高因子的一般商品林和生态公益林的精度要求,对国有商品林小班的调查精度要求(5%)存在一点差距,需要在国有商品林区进一步开展验证工作.对本试验区而言,已经可以满足其作为森林公园生态公益林的调查要求. 相似文献
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ZHANG Xubing YU Xin 《测绘科技情报》2008,(1)
针对MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)影像数据海量并具有重要研究价值的特点,研究MODIS影像的无损压缩算法。采用最佳线性预测方法,通过波段相关性排序确定波段最优预测顺序,并自适应计算"预测波段"与"当前波段"的二阶最佳预测器系数,减少谱间冗余;以多级树集合分裂树(Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Trees,SPIHT)编码算法降低谱内相关。为确保无损压缩,对线性预测系数进行最佳逼近取整操作,并采用基于提升格式的D5/3整数小波变换。实验结果表明本文提出的算法在压缩比上性能较3DSPIHT等算法突出。 相似文献
56.
The dynamics and thermodynamics of large ash flows 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
Ash flow deposits, containing up to 1000 km3 of material, have been produced by some of the largest volcanic eruptions known. Ash flows propagate several tens of kilometres
from their source vents, produce extensive blankets of ash and are able to surmount topographic barriers hundreds of metres
high. We present and test a new model of the motion of such flows as they propagate over a near horizontal surface from a
collapsing fountain above a volcanic vent. The model predicts that for a given eruption rate, either a slow (10–100 m/s) and
deep (1000–3000 m) subcritical flow or a fast (100–200 m/s) and shallow (500–1000 m) supercritical flow may develop. Subcritical
ash flows propagate with a nearly constant volume flux, whereas supercritical flows entrain air and become progressively more
voluminous. The run-out distance of such ash flows is controlled largely by the mass of air mixed into the collapsing fountain,
the degree of fragmentation and the associated rate of loss of material into an underlying concentrated depositional system,
and the mass eruption rate. However, in supercritical flows, the continued entrainment of air exerts a further important control
on the flow evolution. Model predictions show that the run-out distance decreases with the mass of air entrained into the
flow. Also, the mass of ash which may ascend from the flow into a buoyant coignimbrite cloud increases as more air is entrained
into the flow. As a result, supercritical ash flows typically have shorter runout distances and more ash is elutriated into
the associated coignimbrite eruption columns. We also show that one-dimensional, channellized ash flows typically propagate
further than their radially spreading counterparts.
As a Plinian eruption proceeds, the erupted mass flux often increases, leading to column collapse and the formation of pumiceous
ash flows. Near the critical conditions for eruption column collapse, the flows are shed from high fountains which entrain
large quantities of air per unit mass. Our model suggests that this will lead to relatively short ash flows with much of the
erupted material being elutriated into the coignimbrite column. However, if the mass flux subseqently increases, then less
air per unit mass is entrained into the collapsing fountain, and progressively larger flows, which propagate further from
the vent, will develop.
Our model is consistent with observations of a number of pyroclastic flow deposits, including the 1912 eruption of Katmai
and the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo. The model suggests that many extensive flow sheets were emplaced from eruptions with mass
fluxes of 109–1010 kg/s over periods of 103–105 s, and that some indicators of flow "mobility" may need to be reinterpreted. Furthermore, in accordance with observations,
the model predicts that the coignimbrite eruption columns produced from such ash flows rose between 20 and 40 km.
Received: 25 August 1995 / Accepted: 3 April 1996 相似文献
57.
Cloud droplet chemistry is modelled for the first 150 m of rise in a wintertime, mid-latitude, marine stratus cloud using observations made at and near the Cape Grim Baseline Station as a source of input parameters. The emphasis in this work was to study the variation in droplet chemistry as a function of both droplet size and nucleus composition, with a particular focus on the way in which oxidation of dissolved sulfur dioxide varied.At 150 m above the condensation level, solute concentration as a function of droplet size was found to increase by as much as 2 to 3 orders of magnitude for only a factor of 2 increase in droplet radius, primarily as a consequence of the 1/r dependence in the droplet growth equation. This type of size dependence exists at all levels in the model cloud, and has a significant influence on oxidation rate of sulfur dioxide in droplets growing on sulfate nuclei, oxidation by ozone being favoured in the smallest droplets, but oxidation by hydrogen peroxide being favoured in the larger droplets. Oxidation by ozone is favoured at all sizes in droplets formed on sea-salt nuclei as a result of the initially high alkalinity of these droplets, and in the cloud overall is calculated to be the more important oxidation pathway. Although based on a simplified chemical scheme, these results suggest that both size-dependent and nucleus-dependent chemistry of cloud droplets may need to be considered explicitly in cloud modelling work.Volume-weighted mean pH values in the range 5 to 6 were predicted from sensitivity studies in which input variables were varied over reasonable ranges, in agreement with two sets of bulk cloud-water pH data obtained by aircraft near Cape Grim. 相似文献
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59.
This paper presents results of high-resolution deep seismic reflection profiling of the Proterozoic Vindhyan basin of the
Rajasthan area along the Chandli-Bundi-Kota-Kunjer profile. Seismic images have been used to estimate the thickness of Vindhyan
strata as well as to understand the tectonic framework of the basin. The results are constrained by gravity, magnetic and
magnetotelluric data. The study reveals gentle SE-dipping reflection bands representing the Vindhyan strata. The seismic sections
depict gradual thickening of the Vindhyan succession towards southeast from Bundi. The velocities of the upper and lower Vindhyans
are identified as 4.6-4.8 km/s and 5.1-5.3 km/s. The NW limit of the Vindhyan basin is demarcated by the Great Boundary Fault
(GBF) that manifests as a 30 km wide NW dipping thrust fault extending to a depth of 30 km. 相似文献
60.
高光谱遥感影像波段选择算法评价方法研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
波段选择在高光谱影像数据降维处理中尤为重要,其算法较多,但针对波段选择算法评价方法的研究却很少。该文提出一种波段选择算法的评价方法。引入信息量、类别可分性和相关性3个指标,对所选波段子集进行度量,通过比较不同波段选择算法所选波段子集的度量结果,实现对波段选择算法的评价。在试验中,将该评价方法应用于4种常用的波段选择算法,分析了评价结果并验证了该评价方法的可行性。 相似文献